R-22 Refrigerant: What You Need to Know About Freon™
R-22 refrigerant (often called Freon™ 22) is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) chemical used for decades in residential air conditioning systems and heat pumps. Due to its impact on the ozone layer, the U.S. EPA ended the production and import of new R-22 on January 1, 2020. While limited supplies of recovered and reclaimed R-22 remain available for servicing existing systems, homeowners with aging R-22 equipment may want to consider replacing it with a modern system designed for a lower-GWP refrigerant such as R-454B.
What is R-22 Refrigerant?
R-22 refrigerant is a chemical compound consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, and carbon atoms. For many years, it was the standard choice for residential cooling because of its efficient heat transfer properties.
However, R-22 is classified as an ozone-depleting substance (ODS). When released into the atmosphere, the chlorine in R-22 can contribute to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. The EPA lists R-22 as an HCFC with an ozone depletion potential of 0.055 and a global warming potential of 1,810.
According to Carrier, R-22 was widely used in residential air conditioning systems through the 2000s before newer refrigerants became standard as environmental regulations changed.
The U.S. phase-out of R-22 was established under the Clean Air Act and aligns with the global effort under the Montreal Protocol to reduce ozone-depleting substances.
Timeline of the R-22 Phase-Out:
- 2010: Manufacturers were prohibited from manufacturing or importing new residential HVAC equipment containing R-22.
- 2020: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ended U.S. production and import of R-22 on January 1, 2020. Existing R-22 systems can continue to be serviced with available recovered, reclaimed or previously produced refrigerant.
Carrier continues to develop residential HVAC systems designed around newer refrigerants, including R-454B, to help homeowners transition from older refrigerant technologies.
Why is R-22 Freon™ Being Phased Out?
The primary reason for the R-22 Freon™ phase-out is environmental protection. As the EPA explains, HCFCs such as R-22 are ozone-depleting substances, and their phase-out helps protect the stratospheric ozone layer.
- Ozone Layer Protection: HCFCs like R-22 deplete the stratospheric ozone layer, which shields the planet from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Increased UV exposure is linked to higher rates of skin cancer and eye cataracts.
- Global Warming Potential (GWP): R-22 also has a GWP of 1,810. By comparison, Carrier identifies R-454B as having a GWP of 466, or about 74% lower than R-22.
Carrier's newer residential systems use Puron Advance™ (R-454B), which has zero ozone depletion potential and a substantially lower GWP than R-22.
Is R-22 Still Available?
Is R-22 still available for purchase? Technically, yes, but with significant caveats. Since January 1, 2020, new U.S. production and import of R-22 has been prohibited. Existing supplies of recovered, reclaimed and previously produced R-22 can still be used to service existing systems.
Implications for Homeowners
- Scarcity: As existing supplies become more limited, R-22 can be more difficult and expensive to obtain than newer refrigerants.
- Rising Costs: Current consumer pricing varies by location and service provider. Angi reports R-22 costs of about $90–$250 per pound in 2026 1, before considering the specific circumstances of a service call.
- Regulatory Restrictions: Homeowners cannot purchase R-22 for DIY servicing. EPA Section 608 certification requirements apply to technicians who purchase and handle regulated refrigerants.
The R-22 Phase-Out and Your HVAC System
If your home relies on an older HVAC system using R-22 refrigerant, you are currently facing a choice between maintaining an aging unit or investing in a modern replacement.
Option 1: Continue Servicing Your System
You can continue to service your current AC as long as suitable R-22 is available. However, be prepared for higher HVAC repair bills. As supply vanishes, the cost to fix a refrigerant leak may eventually exceed the value of the unit itself.
Option 2: Upgrade to an Energy-Efficient Replacement
For homeowners with an aging R-22 system, replacing the equipment can be an opportunity to move to newer technology designed for current refrigerant requirements. Carrier systems designed for R-454B refrigerant offer several potential benefits, including:
- Lower Energy Bills: Modern high-efficiency HVAC units can use less electricity to cool your home than older equipment.
- Environmental Benefits: R-454B has zero ozone depletion potential and a GWP of 466, compared with R-22's GWP of 1,810.
- Enhanced Comfort and Reliability: Newer systems may provide updated comfort features, improved efficiency and new technology compared with aging equipment. Warranties can also provide coverage for qualifying equipment and component
R-22 Repair vs. Replacement at a Glance
| Consideration | Continue Servicing R-22 System | Replace With Modern System |
|---|---|---|
| Cost | May require recurring repair and R-22 costs; current consumer R-22 pricing can range from about $90–$250/lb. | Higher upfront equipment and installation cost, but avoids dependence on R-22 availability. |
| Efficiency | Depends on the age and condition of the existing system. | Modern high-efficiency equipment can provide greater efficiency than older systems. |
| Environmental Impact | Continues reliance on an ozone-depleting refrigerant with a GWP of 1,810. | R-454B has zero ODP and a GWP of 466. |
| Longevity | Can continue operating as long as the equipment remains serviceable and R-22 is available. | Provides a new HVAC system designed for current refrigerant requirements. |
| Refrigerant | R-22 | R-454B in applicable Carrier systems |
The right choice depends on the system's age, condition, repair needs, efficiency, replacement cost and homeowner priorities. A qualified HVAC professional can evaluate the existing equipment and explain the available options.
Jim Snyder, owner of Irish Air in Indianapolis, Indiana, explains why upgrading an aging R-22 system can make sense for homeowners.
“If an R-22 system is still functioning, one of the biggest benefits of upgrading to a newer system is improved efficiency,” Snyder said. “Depending on the equipment and application, a new air conditioner may also provide better dehumidification and improved overall comfort compared with an older system.
“There’s also an environmental benefit to moving away from R-22. R-22 is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon refrigerant that has been phased out because of its ozone-depleting properties. As older R-22 systems are replaced, the refrigerant can be properly recovered and reclaimed rather than released into the atmosphere.”
Frequently Asked Questions
R-22 (chlorodifluoromethane) is a refrigerant gas used in older air conditioners and heat pumps. It is an ozone-depleting HCFC that has been phased out of production in the U.S. in favor of eco-friendly alternatives like R-454B.
Yes, but only as recycled or reclaimed stock. New production and imports were banned in 2020. Because supply is finite and shrinking, it is becoming increasingly expensive to source for repairs.
It is possible to retrofit an R-22 system to use a replacement like R-410A, but it requires significant modifications to the compressor and expansion valves. Given the cost of retrofitting and the age of R-22 systems, it is usually more cost-effective to replace the entire unit with a modern, energy-efficient system.
Yes, licensed technicians can recharge your system using reclaimed R-22. However, due to high costs and scarcity, we recommend evaluating if a system replacement offers better long-term value.
No. It is illegal for uncertified individuals to purchase or handle R-22 refrigerant. You must hire a licensed HVAC professional to ensure compliance with EPA regulations and safety standards.
Check the nameplate or data sticker on your outdoor condenser unit. It will list the "refrigerant" or "factory charge" type. If it says "HCFC-22" or "R-22," your system has R-22 refrigerant.
About The Author: Travis Baugh is a Digital Brand Marketing Manager for Carrier, where he develops informative, straightforward content to help homeowners better understand heating, cooling, and indoor air quality. His writing is focused on empowering homeowners to make confident, well-informed choices about their home comfort systems.
About The Expert Reviewer: Michelle Notaro is a Product Manager for Residential Air Conditioners at Carrier Corporation, where she helps shape innovative cooling solutions that meet evolving homeowner needs, industry trends, and regulatory requirements.